A smart coaching system for facial exercises in older adults

Participants will participate in a 5-day facial exercise program and will be assessed at baseline, immediately after completion of the intervention, and 1 month after completion of the intervention.

Older adults aged 60 years and above who are able to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese and who participate in activities at adult day-care centers or community care centers will be eligible for inclusion. Individuals with severe visual or hearing impairment, moderate to severe dementia, inability to communicate verbally, obvious facial wounds or lesions, or medical conditions affecting swallowing function (e.g., stroke) will be excluded from participation.

A total of approximately 130 participants will be recruited and assigned to one of two groups:

Intervention Group (n ≈ 65): Participants will perform facial exercises using the Smart Facial Coaching System.

Control Group (n ≈ 65): Participants will perform facial exercises by following a video-based facial exercise program.

After providing informed consent and meeting the eligibility criteria, participants will complete baseline assessments, including structured questionnaires and the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST).

Participants in both groups will then perform facial exercises for five consecutive days, with each session lasting approximately 10-15 minutes.

Upon completion of the 5-day facial exercise program, participants will complete post-intervention assessments, including structured questionnaires and the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST).

One month after completion of the intervention, participants will complete follow-up questionnaires assessing facial exercise behavior and psychosocial outcomes, which will take approximately 15-20 minutes.