Saturday, October 17, 2026 · Edition updated 6:00 AM ETSAT, OCT 17 · 6 AM ET editionNext edition in Next --:--:--

Heart and blood pressure: blood sugar

Blood sugar, insulin and diabetes risk. What people try, how far the research on each has got, and the products that contain them.

What people try

4GLP-1 drugsStage 4 · Widely recommended · PrescriptionGLP-1 drugs are a class of medicines used to treat type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar, and some are used for weight loss in people with obesity.Main risk: The semaglutide page warns that it may raise the risk of thyroid tumors, including a type of thyroid cancer.4MetforminStage 4 · Widely recommended · Prescription, approved for diabetesMetformin belongs to a class of drugs called biguanides.Main risk: Metformin may rarely cause a serious, life-threatening condition called lactic acidosis.4ExerciseStage 4 · Widely recommended · Free, for almost everyoneExercise is anything that gets your body moving.Main risk: Using weight machines improperly can cause back injury.3Calorie restriction and fastingStage 3 · Large studies in people · Free; a change in eatingCalorie restriction means eating fewer calories than usual without missing key nutrients, while fasting diets limit when or how much a person eats.Main risk: The NIA says too many ketones in the blood (chemicals made from burning fat) can have harmful health effects.3BerberineStage 3 · Large studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementBerberine is a substance found in several plants, such as goldenseal, barberry, and Oregon grape.Main risk: Berberine has been linked to a harmful buildup of bilirubin in infants, which can cause brain damage.3Omega-3 fatty acidsStage 3 · Large studies in people · Food, supplements and a prescription formMost research has focused on two omega-3s called EPA and DHA.Main risk: The pages say side effects are usually mild, such as unpleasant taste, bad breath, heartburn, nausea, and diarrhea.3Testosterone therapyStage 3 · Large studies in people · PrescriptionTestosterone therapy uses man-made testosterone to treat low testosterone, and it can be given as a pill, gel, patch, injection, or implant.Main risk: The page lists several risks of this therapy, including infertility, an enlarged prostate, blood clots, and worsening heart disease.2RapamycinStage 2 · Small studies in people · Prescription, used off-label for agingRapamycin, also called sirolimus, is a prescription drug that suppresses the immune system and is used to prevent kidney transplant rejection.Main risk: The pages stress that it can make it harder to fight infections and raise the risk of serious infection.2ResveratrolStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementResveratrol is a chemical found in grapes, red wine, peanuts, pistachios, blueberries, and cranberries.Main risk: High doses can cause stomach and bowel side effects such as diarrhea.2QuercetinStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementQuercetin is a plant compound, called a bioflavonoid, that gives many plants their bright colors.Main risk: In a one-week trial in people with COPD, quercetin caused no severe side effects linked to the study drug, based on blood tests.2NAD+ boostersStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementsNAD+ boosters are supplements, such as NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside and NMN, meant to raise levels of NAD+, a molecule in cells that declines with age.Main risk: A review of studies found all studies reported some side effects, most often muscle pain, nervous disorders, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and headaches.2NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementA molecule the body uses to make NAD+, which cells need to turn food into energy.Main risk: A review of studies found that oral NMN and NR (a related compound) were generally well tolerated over weeks to months in people.2Alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementA molecule the body makes while turning food into energy. Supplements usually use a calcium form, Ca-AKG.2CreatineStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementCreatine is a compound stored in your muscles that supplies them with energy.Main risk: Creatine can cause weight gain because it tends to make the body hold water, but it is otherwise considered safe for healthy adults.2FisetinStage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementFisetin is one of three flavonols that a review looked at for prostate and bladder cancer.Main risk: The review of injury studies reported no significant side effects from fisetin.2NR (nicotinamide riboside)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementNR (nicotinamide riboside) is a compound that can raise levels of NAD+, a molecule in the body that declines with age.Main risk: A review of studies found oral NR was generally well tolerated over weeks to months.2Hyperbaric oxygen therapyStage 2 · Small studies in people · Hospitals and private clinicsHyperbaric oxygen therapy gives you pure oxygen in an enclosed space with higher than normal air pressure.Main risk: You might feel pressure in your ears, and they may pop afterward.2NAD+ IV and injectionsStage 2 · Small studies in people · Clinics and IV wellness centersNAD+ given by drip into a vein or by injection, instead of as a pill.2GlyNAC (glycine and NAC)Stage 2 · Small studies in people · Over-the-counter supplementsNAC is used as a drug for acetaminophen overdose and to help break up mucus.Main risk: The pages list stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and similar problems as the common side effects of NAC.

Products

Sorted by the best research stage of each product's ingredients, then by price. The stage describes research on the ingredient, not proof that the product works.

Supplements 77

ProHealth Longevity · softgelPure Krill Oil Omega-3 - 500 mg, 60 softgelsOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$18.74DoubleWoodBerberine SupplementBerberine3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$19.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleBerberine Pro - 600 mg, 60 capsulesBerberine3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$29.95Life Extension · tabletBerberine 1000, 1000 mg, 60 tabletsBerberine3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$29.99Thorne · capsuleBerberine - 30 ServingsBerberine3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$44Thorne · softgelSuper EPA - NSF Certified for SportOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$45Renue By ScienceBerberineBerberine3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$49.95Thorne · softgelOmega-3 with CoQ10CoQ10 (coenzyme Q10), Omega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$55ProHealth Longevity · softgelExtra Strength Omega-3 Fish Oil - 120 softgelsOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in people$59.95Nordic NaturalsUltimate Omega 3 One DailyOmega-3 fatty acids3 Ingredient research: large studies in peoplePrice not checked yetProHealth Longevity · capsuleEssentials NMN 300 - Nexergy™ NMN - 300 mg, 30 capsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$14.96Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronised Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$14.99Optimum Nutrition · gummyCreatine [+]Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$16.99ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNicotinamide Riboside + Pterostilbene - 30 capsulesNR (nicotinamide riboside), Pterostilbene2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$17.97ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure Glycine - 1000 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$19.95Optimum Nutrition · powderMicronized Creatine PowderCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$20.49ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure N-Acetyl Cysteine - 600 mg, 120 capsulesGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$22.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleEssentials NMN 500 - Nexergy™ NMN - 500 mg, 30 capsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$24.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNicotinamide Riboside Pro 300 + 100 mg TMG - 30 capsulesNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$24.95ProHealth Longevity · powderCalcium AKG Longevity Powder - 100 gramsAlpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$24.98ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNicotinamide Riboside Pro 500 + 250 mg TMG per serving - 60 capsulesNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$25.17ProHealth Longevity · capsuleCalcium AKG Longevity - 1,000 mg per serving, 60 capsulesAlpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$25.25Qualia · capsuleQualia NAD+Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$29Thorne · capsuleGlycineGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$31ProHealth Longevity · capsuleTrans-Resveratrol Plus - 1000 mg per serving, 60 capsulesResveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$31.08NOVOSNOVOS Boost - NMN Supplement to Boost NAD+ LevelsNAD+ boosters2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$32.08ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure Quercetin - 500 mg, 90 capsulesQuercetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$33.57DoNotAge · capsulePure Quercetin SupplementQuercetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$35ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNMNR™ Pro Synergy - 90 capsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), NR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$35.95ThorneCreatine - Travel PacksCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$36ProHealth Longevity · capsuleFisetin Pro Longevity Plus - 60 capsulesFisetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$37ProHealth Longevity · capsuleGlycine + NAC PackGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$38.95Qualia · capsuleQualia SenolyticFisetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$39.50ProHealth Longevity · capsuleEssentials NMN 1000 - Nexergy™ NMN - 1000 mg per serving, 60 capsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$39.95Tru Niagen · capsuleTru Niagen® ImmuneNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$41Renue By ScienceResveratrolResveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$41.95MomentousCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$42.99ThorneCreatine - 90 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$44Life Extension · capsuleNAD+ Cell Regenerator™ and Resveratrol Elite™NR (nicotinamide riboside), Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$45Thorne · capsuleQuercetin PhytosomeQuercetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$46Renue By ScienceQuercetinQuercetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$47.95Renue By ScienceCaAKGAlpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$48.95Tru Niagen · capsuleTru Niagen® 300mgNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49Tru Niagen · capsuleTru Niagen® BeautyNR (nicotinamide riboside), Astaxanthin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Creatine Pure Powder - 450 gramsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNicotinamide Riboside Pro Complete - 500 mg NR Hydrogen Malate + 500 mg Trans-Resveratrol + 100 mg TMG per serving, 60 capsulesNR (nicotinamide riboside), Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$49.95DoNotAge · capsulePure Resveratrol SupplementResveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$54Renue By Science · powderNMN Pure PowderNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$54.95Renue By Science · tabletNMNs Fast Dissolve TabsNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$54.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleLiposomal NMN Pro Complete™ - Lipo Uthever® NMN, Trans-Resveratrol, TMG, 90 capsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$55.95ProHealth Longevity · capsulePure Fisetin - 250 mg, 60 capsulesFisetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$55.95Tru Niagen · stick packTru Niagen® 300mg Stick PacksNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$58Renue By Science · capsuleNMN SLC Enteric Capsules 200NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$58.95Tru Niagen · stick packNiagen NanoCloud™NR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$59ProHealth Longevity · powderLongevity Collagen Complete Powder - 690 gramsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$59.95ProHealth Longevity · powderEssentials NMN Powder - Nexergy™ NMN - 100 gramsNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$59.96Thorne · capsuleResveraCelResveratrol, NR (nicotinamide riboside), Quercetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$60Thorne · capsuleNAC - N-Acetylcysteine - 180 ServingsGlyNAC (glycine and NAC)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$63Renue By ScienceFisetinFisetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$64.95Renue By Science · capsuleNMN Liposomal CapsulesNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$64.95Elysium HealthBasisNR (nicotinamide riboside), Pterostilbene2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$65ThorneCollagen PlusNR (nicotinamide riboside), Collagen peptides2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$67ProHealth Longevity · capsuleNAD Triple Boost™  with NMN - 90 capsulesPterostilbene, Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$67.95ProHealth Longevity · capsuleRapid Reset Multi-Senolytic - 30 capsulesFisetin, Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$69.95Elysium HealthCreatine+Creatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$70Thorne · capsuleNiaCel® 400NR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$74DoNotAge · powderPure NMN SupplementNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$80ProHealth LongevityNMN Pro Complete™ - Uthever® NMN, Trans-Resveratrol, TMG - 75 gramsNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), Resveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$82.95ThorneCreatine - 180 ServingsCreatine2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$84Renue By Science · powderResveratrol Pure PowderResveratrol2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$84.95Tru Niagen · capsuleTru Niagen® 150mgNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$94DoNotAge · capsulePure Fisetin SupplementFisetin2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$95RejuvantRejuvant® LifeAKG for MenAlpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$99.95RejuvantRejuvant® LifeAKG for WomenAlpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$99.95Tru Niagen · capsuleTru Niagen® Pro 1,000mgNR (nicotinamide riboside)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$116Jinfiniti · powderNAD+ Powder Supplement With NMNNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$118Jinfiniti · lozengeSublingual NMN Lozenge: Chewable NAD+ BoosterNMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)2 Ingredient research: small studies in people$118

Recent research

See all the latest research →

What others are writing

Recent articles from health journalists, hospitals and universities. We link to them; we don't write or endorse them.

STAT · May 29, 2026

GLP-1 microdosing is popular, but there's little evidence it works ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A weight-loss doctor argues that microdosing GLP-1 drugs for weight loss is unsupported by legitimate long-term data.

NPR · Will Stone · May 11, 2026

Marketers say NAD+ pills and infusions can boost longevity. What's the evidence? ↗

NAD+ boosters: NPR reports that NAD+ marketing claims outpace the scientific evidence, which remains preliminary in humans.

health.harvard.edu · Maureen Salamon · Apr 15, 2026

GLP-1 drugs may lower odds of developing substance use disorders ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A study of US veterans suggests GLP-1 drugs are linked with lower risks of developing substance use disorders.

hsph.harvard.edu · Maya Brownstein · Feb 25, 2026

GLP-1 drugs combined with healthy lifestyle habits linked with reduced cardiovascular risk among diabetes patients ↗

GLP-1 drugs: A Harvard-led study found that GLP-1 drug users who also kept healthy habits had lower cardiovascular risk among diabetes patients.

This is general information gathered from the sources listed, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor before starting anything new.