Stay young

Exercise

Recommended in health guidelines worldwide. Large long-term studies link it to longer, healthier lives.

Free, for almost everyone · 316 human trials · 1,251 observational · 257 lab and animal

GLP-1 drugs

Approved for diabetes and weight. Large trials are now looking at heart, kidney and brain aging.

Prescription · 30 human trials · 61 observational · 140 lab and animal

Metformin

Studied for aging mostly through observational data. A large aging trial has been proposed.

Prescription, approved for diabetes · 32 human trials · 71 observational · 277 lab and animal

Omega-3 fatty acids

Food, supplements and a prescription form · 142 human trials · 192 observational · 658 lab and animal

Vitamin D

Over-the-counter supplement · 194 human trials · 759 observational · 603 lab and animal

Berberine

Over-the-counter supplement · 36 human trials · 6 observational · 247 lab and animal

Plasma exchange and young plasma

Clinics and clinical trials · 6 human trials · 10 observational · 222 lab and animal

Calorie restriction and fasting

Free; a change in eating · 129 human trials · 73 observational · 2,880 lab and animal

Rapamycin

Extends lifespan in mice. Human studies so far are small.

Prescription, used off-label for aging · 25 human trials · 36 observational · 1,019 lab and animal

Senolytics

Clear results in animals. Early human trials are small.

Mostly inside clinical trials · 20 human trials · 19 observational · 371 lab and animal

Fisetin

Clears aged cells in mice. Human trials have only started.

Over-the-counter supplement · 1 human trials · 2 observational · 44 lab and animal

NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide)

Over-the-counter supplement · 9 human trials · 0 observational · 134 lab and animal

NR (nicotinamide riboside)

Over-the-counter supplement · 9 human trials · 3 observational · 46 lab and animal

Urolithin A

Over-the-counter supplement · 32 human trials · 3 observational · 177 lab and animal

Spermidine

Over-the-counter supplement · 8 human trials · 13 observational · 205 lab and animal

Resveratrol

Over-the-counter supplement · 27 human trials · 16 observational · 505 lab and animal

Pterostilbene

Over-the-counter supplement · 7 human trials · 4 observational · 318 lab and animal

Alpha-ketoglutarate (Ca-AKG)

Over-the-counter supplement · 1 human trials · 1 observational · 114 lab and animal

Taurine

Over-the-counter supplement · 8 human trials · 13 observational · 323 lab and animal

Creatine

Over-the-counter supplement · 62 human trials · 10 observational · 46 lab and animal

GlyNAC (glycine and NAC)

Over-the-counter supplements · 1 human trials · 0 observational · 5 lab and animal

Quercetin

Over-the-counter supplement · 20 human trials · 10 observational · 316 lab and animal

Cell reprogramming (Yamanaka factors)

Not available as a treatment; studied in labs · 0 human trials · 2 observational · 102 lab and animal

Thymus regeneration

Clinical trials only · 3 human trials · 18 observational · 374 lab and animal

Gene therapy for aging

Not approved for aging · 11 human trials · 16 observational · 352 lab and animal

Stem cell therapy

Clinics, often abroad; clinical trials · 18 human trials · 28 observational · 233 lab and animal

Full-body MRI scans

Private clinics, self-paid · 30 human trials · 151 observational · 5 lab and animal